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- <text id=90TT0887>
- <title>
- Apr. 09, 1990: Clean Bill For Agent Orange
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Apr. 09, 1990 America's Changing Colors
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- MEDICINE, Page 82
- Clean Bill for Agent Orange
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>A study refutes claims from veterans exposed to the herbicide
- </p>
- <p> When U.S. Air Force flyers dumped millions of gallons of an
- oily herbicide called Agent Orange over the thick jungle canopy
- of war-ravaged Viet Nam, they unwittingly started a battle that
- would rage long after the last American helicopter left Saigon.
- Over the past 13 years, some 35,000 Viet Nam veterans have
- vigorously pressed Washington to compensate them for injuries
- and illnesses that they believe were caused by exposure to
- Agent Orange. The herbicide contains dioxin, a potent poison
- that causes cancer in laboratory animals. But Government
- officials have delayed paying most claims, pointing to a lack
- of scientific proof that Agent Orange hurt the soldiers. Last
- week researchers from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control
- issued a report designed to help resolve the controversy. For
- most of the stricken veterans, the news was not good.
- </p>
- <p> The long-awaited five-year study found "no evidence" that
- Agent Orange injured soldiers in the field. The report did
- conclude that Viet Nam veterans are more likely than the
- general population to get a rare, fatal cancer called
- non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. But for some mysterious reason, the
- veterans who suffer from this cancer were predominantly sailors
- who were stationed off the Viet Nam shore and who had relatively
- little exposure to the defoliant. Even though the CDC could
- find no link between Agent Orange and increased cancer,
- Veterans Affairs Secretary Edward Derwinski immediately
- authorized compensation for about 1,800 Viet Nam veterans who
- have non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. They will receive monthly payments
- of up to $1,527.
- </p>
- <p> That still leaves some 33,000 Agent Orange claimants who
- will get nothing, at least for now. They continue to maintain
- that the chemical is responsible for a jump in cancer among
- veterans and an increase in birth defects in their children.
- Julio Gonzales, 42, who served in Viet Nam for six months in
- 1969, feels sure that the series of disorders he has suffered
- since 1971, which include cancer of the bladder and problems
- with his kidneys and liver, was caused by Agent Orange. "The
- CDC can't see the forest for the trees," he says.
- </p>
- <p> Dr. Dan Hoffman, coordinator of the CDC study, admits that
- scientists have not ruled out the possibility that those
- directly involved in handling and spraying Agent Orange were
- hurt by the herbicide. But he thinks that his agency's research
- clearly shows that most soldiers were not at risk. In response,
- veterans' groups have denounced the CDC study as poorly
- designed and irrelevant. "The CDC is a commendable research
- institution," says American Legion spokesman John Hanson, "but
- with this study, they dropped the ball."
- </p>
- <p> There are legitimate questions about the CDC's methods. The
- best way to study the effects of Agent Orange would have been
- to single out those soldiers most exposed to the herbicide and
- compare their cancer rates with those in the unexposed
- population. But when the investigators tried to do this, says
- Dr. Hoffman, they could not reliably identify the soldiers who
- had received the highest doses. So instead the researchers
- adopted a more indirect approach, examining the incidence of
- six different cancers, including soft-tissue sarcoma and a kind
- of liver malignancy, that had been tentatively linked to
- herbicide exposure. Since the CDC settled for an indirect study,
- many veterans believe the results are of questionable value.
- </p>
- <p> Secretary Derwinski says he will not make a final decision
- on the issue until two more reviews of the scientific
- literature being prepared for his department are completed this
- May. But unless that search uncovers compelling evidence that
- eluded the CDC, most of the veterans seem unlikely to get
- Government relief from their Viet Nam nightmare.
- </p>
- <p>By Andrew Purvis.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
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